HYPOGENE KARSTIFICATION IN SAUDI ARABIA AND JORDAN

By Stephan Kempe, Heiko Dirks, Ingo Bauer, Ahmad Al-Malabeh and Horst-Volker Henschel

Hypogene caves are formed from below, by rising groundwater or other liquids. In the articles below, this process is studied in Ain Heeth (also spelled Ain Hit or Ain Hith), Saudi Arabia's deepest known cave, in sinkholes of the former lakes of Layla and in Jordan's Bergish/Al-Daher, Cave, Uwaiyed Cave and the Beer Al-Malabeh Sinkhole.

HYPOGENE KARSTIFICATION IN SAUDI ARABIA
(LAYLA LAKE SINKHOLES, AIN HEETH CAVE)
by Stephan Kempe, Heiko Dirks, and Ingo Bauer

(download here: pdf file, 1.52 megabytes)

HYPOGENE KARSTIFICATION IN JORDAN (BERGISH/AL-DAHER CAVE,
UWAIYED CAVE, BEER AL-MALABEH SINKHOLE)
Stephan Kempe, Ahmad Al-Malabeh, and Horst-Volker Henschel

(download here: pdf file, 1.27 megabytes)

RECENT PHOTOS TAKEN IN AIN HEETH CAVE

Entrance to Ain Heeth (Hith, Hit) Cave; note S. Kempe's size; photo: Heiko Dirks

Breakdown just inside the cave entrance

Water level was measured at -137 m in 2002

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